Field Trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Field Trip - Essay Example It has a significant influence in the protection of the Indian tiger. Open from the center of November till mid of June, guests can remain at Dhikala, which is situated inside the Corbett National Park. Jeeps can be recruited from Ramnagar, which travel to the Park and Dhikala. Transports likewise travel to Dhikala from the Ramnagar station. Then again the course from Delhi - Moradabad, through Kashipur lastly Ramnagar, Corbett can be taken. The assessed separation is 280km, and the excursion roughly takes 7 hours. [Jim Corbett National Park, 2002]. The hold envelops a complete territory of 1318.54 sq km. The zone is partitioned into the Jim Corbett National Park, which establishes around 520 sq km of the center territory. The support locale, covering 797.72 sq km of the complete region is the save backwoods district. Elephant Safaris are the most ideal approach to investigate the enormous zone of the hold. Jim Corbett tiger hold and National park topographically falls in the Outer and Shivalik lower regions of the Himalayas. The recreation center was known as the Ramganga National Park, after the tributary of Ganga that courses through the save from East till West, post India's autonomy in 1947. It was renamed as Jim Corbett National Park in 1956, to remember the memory of Jim Corbett. The Venture Tiger, protection task to spare the Indian Tiger and its living space, was propelled in 1973 from this park. The uncommon pull in Venture Tiger The uncommon fascination of the recreation center is the Bengal Tiger, which is a jeopardized species. Indeed the name of the recreation center - Corbett, is after the popular tracker and naturalist Jim Corbett, who was known for the activities he took to spare the tiger from annihilation. Undertaking Tiger was begun with help from the World Wide Fund for Nature by Indian progressive. The primary target was to shield the tiger from annihilation. Corbett with its thick woodland spread and a lot of food for the tigers - the quantity of creature species present and furthermore renewed by the Ramganga went about as an able goal for a characteristic environment of the imperiled species. [Riley 208] Topography The Chinji Stage and Kamlial Stage are the two sorts of topographical developments that can be found in the Jim Corbett National Park. Red and maroon shades sandstones, sandstones of dark, purple and dim tints include the topographical developments of the Park. The Chinji stage that portrays the highest phase of the lower Siwalik land arrangements comprises of splendid hued sandstones. The sandstones of the territory are portrayed by intercalations of siltstones. Geologists have evaluated these to go back to the Miocene (differing among upper and mid) age. [Negi 50 - 51] The Garhwal gathering's lowermost development is Rudraprayag. Dark and dim hued records and cherts; dim quartzite; minimized, medium grained, grayish white and white quartzite contain the Rudraprayag development. Over the Rudraprayag arrangements are the Lameri development. Partitioned into Lameri A, Lameri B and Lameri C these are essentially dolomite groups, records and phyllites.

Sexualization of Little Girls in the Media

Does the Media Sexualize Little Girls? A wide range of articles and expositions go through insights to back their cases however you is to state in the event that they are precise or not? In â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes and â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth they go through a wide range of measurements to back their cases that the media is sexualizing young ladies and that it is an issue for themselves and society.Even however they stun you with their upsetting insights you wouldn’t know whether they were right without some further research. The measurement that I decided to explore in â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes was that, â€Å"The advertising bunch NPD Fashionworld announced in 2003 that more than $1. 6 million is spent every year on strap clothing for 7-to 12-year-olds. † What I discovered left me befuddled yet didn’t es sentially demonstrate the measurement wrong.When I looked into the measurement the main spots I could discover this measurement were on sites or sites utilizing from measurement â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect. † NPD Fashionworld may have done the examination to back up their cases however I was unable to locate some other organizations or analysts doing likewise contemplate. I would state that the examination isn't truly sound a direct result of one significant thing; there are no different arrangements of information to look at it to.The measurement that I browsed â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth was that, â€Å"A little investigation distributed in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, that included 22 ladies, half of whom had partaken in kid magnificence events, inferred that there were â€Å"no critical differences† between the two gatherings on proportions of bulimia, body discernment, des pondency, and confidence. Be that as it may, it found that the previous magnificence expo young ladies scored essentially higher on â€Å"body disappointment, relational doubt, and drive dysregulation [an capacity to oppose performing activities that would be hurtful to themselves or others]. This measurement shows that ladies who took an interest in exhibitions as little youngsters were not influenced therapeutically more than ladies who didn't however they suffered a few impacts that aren’t essentially compromising. At the point when I looked into this measurement and this examination I found that there are not very numerous investigations regarding this matter. At the point when I looked into the impacts of excellence expos on ladies on the off chance that they contended as young ladies I found that there were a great deal of web journals and sites bringing up singular cases or little gatherings. I find that this measurement isn't trustworthy on the grounds that the gathe ring tried is too small.Only 22 ladies were tried which is a reason for concern. You can not get all the proof you need from 22 individuals to make a solid case. Another motivation behind why I feel that this measurement isn't dependable is the way that there hasn’t been any significant examinations on the issue. There have been numerous little investigations like the one referenced in the measurement however none giving any significant proof. Articles like â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes and â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth give numerous insights to attempt to stun you.They are compelling from the start yet once you investigate them somewhat more you start to fell a little cynic. A large number of the insights utilized are compelling however not in the reality of giving hard proof. A large number of the measurements utilized were either found by little examinations or there had just been one inve stigation performed on the issue which doesn't give enough evidence. Measurements are an incredible method to offer help for you guarantees yet it requires the peruser to a little research in the event that they truly need to know without a doubt.

Mathematics Language A resume COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Mathematics Language A resume COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Even Albert Einstein said: “Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater.” Our perceptions of our skills tend to skew left, and when we think about our math ability, we reflect on our confidence, and not our actual skills. The SIPA Admissions office understands that applicants will have varied quantitative backgrounds and skills. We have designed an application that best allows you to demonstrate your quantitative competencies through the quantitative/language resume. Here, you can highlight experiences that have strengthened your math, economics, and statistics skills. The core curriculum at SIPA requires the completion of rigorous quantitative courses and we want to make sure applicants provide as much information as possible about their quantitative aptitude, experience, and capabilities. This can include coursework in mathematics, statistics, economics, engineering, natural or computer science, etc. as well as the use of quantitative methods in a professional environment (paid, volunteer, or intern work is acceptable). Perhaps you have worked as an accountant, bookkeeper, or balanced budgets in your professional experiences. Perhaps you served as treasurer of a student organization or used quantitative skills in a volunteer opportunity. These are experiences that you can include in the additional resume. Is there an ideal quantitative background SIPA is looking for in an applicant? Recently, we’ve received many questions about what makes an ideal quantitative background for a hopeful candidate.  While SIPA does not have a rigid answer, the Admissions Committee looks for evidence of a candidates ability to undertake quantitative coursework at the graduate level. Most successful applicants have completed at least two courses in economics (macro and microeconomics). Applicants lacking a quantitative background are encouraged to consider enrolling in mathematics courses above all else. While the Admissions Committee does not require that each applicant have experience in all three areas (economics, statistics, and mathematics) to be admitted, extensive coursework in these areas definitely strengthens ones chances of gaining favorable admission consideration. For more on quantitative questions, check out our Frequently Asked Questions pages.

Drama And Themes Of Drama - 1111 Words

DRAMA AND THEMES Drama by definition is a play, movie, television show, or radio show that is about a serious subject and is not meant to make the audience laugh (Webster). Race, social class, and gender very often are major story lines for films in the category of drama. A drama can be based on several aspects, including but not limited to reality and novels and cross over into several other genres of movies. Very often, we see drama crossed with comedy, action, romance, etc., in turn making it the most common genre of movies (Dirks, 2015). Drama focuses on realistic characters with a realistic story line, high intensity special effects are not usually prevalent in dramas. The Help, A Christmas Carol, Mr. Mom, are the dramas chosen that I feel depict race, social class, and gender representation each at a very different level, based on the time period implied in the movie. COMMONALITIES AND CHOSEN ISSUES If I am going to see a movie based on a novel I have read, for example, The Help, I have a preconceived notion of what this movie is going to be about and expectations based on the previews prior to entering the movie theater. An additional spin on this movie, which often makes the actors and directors work more difficult, the book became popular prior to the movie being created. Very often when books are in place prior to the movie, readers have visualizations of what the characters look like, how they will sound, etc. The Help is categorized as a drama, andShow MoreRelatedDrama GCSE Unit One Theme: Capital Punishment Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it created a sense of dramatic irony by way of making the audience aware that Kyle’s character was accountable, yet the rest of the character’s in the line-up were unaware. This was important as it links to our use of climax. In terms of drama medium, we used levels for Stephen’s character as he was the victim of said crime. He was positioned on a chair to show that he was more dominant than the characters in the line-up, and that he had the most power as the person he selected would ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Phantom Tollbooth1611 Words   |  7 Pagesof the new knowledge. Heathcote (Wagner, 1976) reminds us of the importance of bringing out students’ knowledge and using drama as one of the strategies that can bridge students’ current knowledge with the new one. Sharing this belief with Heathcote, through this article I provide descriptions of a modified dramatic – intervention strategy that embeds a popular culture theme to engage reluctant readers and to make them perform close reading. I would also share the planning, the process, and our (TheRead MoreDrama vs. Fiction Essays888 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences between drama and fiction are relatively small and th ere are many things that are similar between drama and fiction. This makes sense as they are both literary forms that are trying to pass stories along to the reader or watcher. These elements are the building blocks of any story and are pretty much required. Where drama and fiction differ though is what makes each one its own form. Plots. A plot is needed for a good work of fiction and it is also needed for a good work of drama. AristotleRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Cat On A Hot Tin Roof 1239 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of â€Å"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof† by Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier â€Å"Tennessee† Williams background greatly influenced his stories, including his drama, â€Å"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.† One important influence on the drama was the author’s father, Cornelius Coffin. According to Harold Bloom, author of an analysis of â€Å"Tennessee Williams,† in 1911 Williams was born to Cornelius Coffin and Edwina Dakin Williams in Columbus Mississippi. His father was a traveling salesman who was a drunk and gamblerRead MoreThe Changes in Police and Crime Drama Over Time Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesThe Changes in Police and Crime Drama Over Time Crime drama has always been featured as one of the most popular genres of our society. However over the year’s crime drama has been changed and adapted to fit into different times. Many aspects of crime drama have been changed such as camera shots, seriousness of crimes and police language/jargon in order for crime drama to change with the times, become more realistic and retain its former popularity. Throughout timeRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreThe Classical Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus The King950 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance. It was so important that it â€Å"was considered such masterpiece a century after its creation that the philosopher and critic Aristotle used it in the Poetics as an example on which to base his aesthetic theory of drama† (Charters and Charters). The two main themes that are within this exceptional theatrical are free will and fate. It is known that Sophocles â€Å"structured his play so as to first arouse pity and fear in the spectator watching the proud and headstrong Oedipus gradually unravelRead MoreThemes Of The Narrow Road To The Deep North1477 Words   |  6 Pagesinner peace. Also, Japaneses No Drama reached its highest peak of popularity during fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In No Drama, the important characters are Waki who is the witness and mostly the monk and the Shite is the dead person who appears in two forms. Plays in No drama addressed various themes such traveling, lessening attention to self, having reverence for the natural world. While The Narrow Road to the Deep North is Basho’s personal travel diary and No drama is a collection of JapaneseRead MoreThe Elizabethan Age: Is There a History Behind the Theater? Essay examples1668 Words   |  7 PagesElizabethan era, there was a mass production of inspired drama, poetry and other forms of literature, as well as growth in humanism and significantly the birth of professional theater in England. This period embodies the work of Sir Ph ilip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe, the well-known, William Shakespeare, and various other writers. Literary expression was an important part of the Elizabethan era, in which a variety of themes and outlines endured while others seemed to fade or darkenRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams986 Words   |  4 PagesMenagerie, is a classic drama about a young man who is tired of his dull and boring existence. Tom, the main character, struggles to deal with his family, who is apparently holding him back in life. With the use of powerful writing techniques, Williams is able to captivate his audience and create a play that has stood the test of time. An excellent writing technique employed by Williams that contributes to The Glass Menagerie’s success is his use of plot. Throughout the drama, the main character and

Heroic in Paradise Lost by John Lost Essay - 1637 Words

The theme of the heroic in John Miltons Paradise Lost is one that has often been the focus of critical debate, namely in the debate surrounding which character is the true hero of the poem. Most critics of the subject have, however, noted that the difficultly in defining the hero of Miltons work is mainly due to our â€Å"vague understanding of what constitutes heroism†1 and the fact that â€Å"the term itself is equivocal†2. The vague terming of what heroism can be defined as it what draws critics to disagree with one another over the nature of heroism, as Charles Martindale points out that there are different models of heroic, many of which Milton employs in his epic poem. To incorporate these different models of the heroic into his†¦show more content†¦As Satan later claims, â€Å"To reign is worth ambition .. /Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven.† (PL, I: 262-63, p.156) His statement suggests that his fatal flaw might be his ambition, his de sire to become even more powerful than he once was. This image of Satan having a fatal flaw, something that drives him into destruction, connects him with the idea of Aristotles hamartia, and connects him to the imagery of the other a good person who has fallen from grace, but is nonetheless a hero. Satan is also connected to Aristotles idea that â€Å"heroic virtue is superhuman, godlike, and divine†5, when he is described to be â€Å"stretched out huge in length† (PL, I: 209, p.155) across the lake, further imprinting the image of his heroic status. However, modern critics have begun to criticise the conclusions of the Romantics, claiming that the notion of Satan as a reflection of a classical hero can only be accepted when studying the first two books of Miltons poem. During the course of the poem the superhuman, godlike image of Satan deteriorates. John Peter, in his study of Satan, quotes C. S. Lewis, who claims that Satans character moves from â€Å"hero to general, from general to politician, from politician to secret service agent, and thence to a thing that peers in at bedroom and bathroom windows, and thence to a toad, and finally a snake†6. C. S. Lewiss detailing of Satans various images gives aShow MoreRelatedSatan As A Hero And A Villain916 Words   |  4 PagesSatan as a Hero and a Villain (Analysis of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost) John Milton created Paradise Lost out of twelve books of well constructed poetry. A poem depicting and going into detail of the story of Adam and Eve, man’s creation and fall. The poem focuses on the actions of one particular character, Satan. Milton introduces his readers to Satan in Book I as a hero, trying to get revenge against God for throwing him out of Heaven, being banished to Hell. But as Satan carries on withRead MoreThe Role of Satan in Paradise Lost1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Satan in â€Å"Paradise Lost† John Miltons epic â€Å"Paradise Lost† is one that has brought about much debate since its writing. This epic tells the Biblical story of Adam and Eve, although from a different perspective than what most people usually see. Milton tells the story more through the eyes of Satan, whom most people usually consider the ultimate villain. The way in which Satan is portrayed in this story has caused speculation as to whether Satan is actually a hero in this situationRead MoreEvil in Disguise in John Milton ´s Paradise Lost793 Words   |  4 Pageslead away many of the host of heaven to become fallen angels as God expelled the traitors from the heavens. John Milton wished to write a poem by which he could be remembered as the authors of the odyssey, Iliad, and the Aeneid. He did this in the form an epic poem about the story of Eden. Milton’s poem is written from the point of view of Satan and in such a way that he appears to be the heroic figure of the tale. Satan is gi ven lines to uplift the demons of hell, seeming to empower them and as heRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pages(Name) (Instructor) (Course) (Date) Heroism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1480 Words   |  6 PagesRoberts 1 Jackson Roberts Dr. Marks AP English 11 Mar, 2015 Paradise Lost: A â€Å"Knotty Problem† In the world of literature, the most memorable characters are often those who are the most complex. Readers may sympathize with a character they find appealing, but the most enigmatic characters will stick out in their minds when they think back on their reading. In John Milton’s Paradise Lost, Satan provides an archetype for this sort of character. Throughout the poem, an obvious contradiction developsRead MoreParadise Lost : A Satanic Hero?1585 Words   |  7 Pages205 Dr. McCormick 14 April 2016 Paradise Lost: A Satanic Hero? While there have been many different studies done on the epic written by John Milton, his primary reason for writing Paradise Lost was to retell the story from the Bible regarding Adam and Eve. Although the epic runs alongside actual scripture in lots of ways, the aspect in which Milton characterizes the individuals in the story are far from that of the Bible’s form. Satan, in book II of Paradise Lost, is depicted by Milton as a beingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1253 Words   |  6 Pages Students often read John Milton’s works with great difficulty; he is determined to have his audience know his goals and how important his writing is through epic metaphors and masterful language. In Paradise Lost, he tells his audience that this will the epic to end all epics and that this is the most important tale of all mankind: the fall of Man. Comparatively, Alexander Pope used the same style of epic not to tell an important tale, but to question much of the life of aristocracy in his timeRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost And Alexander Pope s The Rape Of The Lock1220 Words   |  5 Pagesaccomplishing his goals, and the use of epic similes is apparent. Several of these epic conventions are seen throughout John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock. Paradise Lost is predominantly centered on the supernatural. It focuses on the story of Adam and Eve and how they lost their â€Å"paradise.† There are a couple arguments on who the real hero in Paradise Lost is. Some support Satan and others take Adam’s side. Adam satisfies most of the epic conventions, but he is portrayedRead MoreSatan as a Hero Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Milton’s Paradise Lost is an epic poem that describes the fall of Satan and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise. Satan is the protagonist of Paradise Lost and has several characteristics in which readers may identify with him. Throughout the poem, Satan is not only a tragic hero but also the key character that drives the plot and portrays many flawed human qualities. As an angel fallen from the high esteem of God and a possessor of hubris that leads to his downfall, he represents aRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, an ep ic hero if that being has done what is required. In John Milton’s, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, the character of Satan presents itself as an epic hero, Milton tests that the character of Satan forces the reader to consider the possibility that Satan may actually be a hero, or at the very least, a character worth seeing in a more complex light. This along with the following examples are all showing how the character of Satan in â€Å"Paradise lost†, can be view and is viewed as an epic hero thought the novel

Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering Free Essays

string(54) " interruption of a communication on an existing call\." e idea of the first cellular network was brainstormed in 1947. It was intended to be used for military purposes as a way of supplying troops with more advanced forms of communications. From 1947 till about 1979 several different forms of broadcasting technology emerged. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now The United States began to develop the AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) network, while European countries were developing their own forms of communication. 1. 2 History of GSM Technology Europeans quickly realized the disadvantages of each European country operating on their mobile network. It prevents cell phone use from country to country within Europe. With the emerging European Union and high travel volume between countries in Europe this was seen as a problem. Rectifying the situation the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) assembled a research group with intentions of researching the mobile phone system in Europe. This group was called Group Special Mobile (GSM). For the next ten years the GSM group outlined standards, researched technology and designed a way to implement a pan-European mobile phone network. In 1989 work done by the GSM group was transferred to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). The name GSM was transposed to name the type of service invented. The acronym GSM had been changed from Group Special Mobile to Global Systems Mobile Telecommunications. By April of 1991 commercial service of the GSM network had begun. Just a year and half later in 1993 there were already 36 GSM networks in over 22 countries. Several other countries were on the rise to adopt this new mobile phone network and participate in what was becoming a worldwide standard. At the same time, GSM also became widely used in the Middle East, South Africa and Australia. While the European Union had developed a sophisticated digital cell phone system, the United States was still operating primarily on the old, analog AMPS network and TDMA. Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara 2 RF OPTIMIZATION AND PLANNING In the end o the end of October 2001, Cingular was the first to announce their switch to the 3G GSM network. This involved switching more then 22 million customers from TDMA to GSM. In 2005 Cingular stopped new phone activation on the TDMA network and began only selling GSM service. 1. History of GSM in brief †¢1982:CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications) establishes a GSM group in order to develop the standards for pan-European cellular mobile system †¢1988:Validation of the GSM System. †¢1991:Commercial launch of the GSM service. †¢1992:Enlargement of the countries that signed the GSM-MoU Coverage of larger cities/airports. †¢1993:Coverage of main roads GSM services start outsi de Europe. †¢1995:Phase 2 of the GSM specifications Coverage of rural areas. 1. 4 GSM Frequency Band There are five major GSM frequencies that have become standard worldwide. They are following  ¦GSM-1800  ¦GSM850 GSM-1900  ¦GSM-400 1. 4. 1 GSM-900 and GSM-1800 GSM-900 and GSM-1800 are standards used mostly worldwide. It is the frequency European phones operate on as well as most of Asia and Australia. 1. 4. 2 GSM-850 and GSM-1900 GSM-850 and GSM-1900 are primarily United States frequencies. They are also the standard for Canada GSM service and countries in Latin and South America. Most of the Cingular network operates on GSM 850, while much of T-Mobile operates at GSM-1900. T-Mobile however, has roaming agreements with Cingular. Meaning in the case of no service at GSM-1900, the phone will switch to GSM-850 and operate on Cingular’s network. . 4. 3 GSM-400 GSM-400 is the least popular of the bunch and is rarely used. It is an older frequency that was used in Russi a and Europe before GSM-900 and GSM-1800 became available. There are not many networks currently operating at this frequency. .5 GSM Services . The GSM services are grouped into three categories: 1. Teleservices (TS) 2. Bearer services (BS) 3. Supplementary services (SS) 1. 5. 1 Teleservices Regular telephony, emergency calls, and voice messaging are within Teleservices. Telephony, the old bidirectional speech calls, is certainly the most popular of all services. An emergency call is a feature that allows the mobile subscriber to contact a nearby emergency service, such as police, by dialing a unique number. Voice messaging permits a message to be stored within the voice mailbox of the called party either because the called party is not reachable or because the calling party chooses to do so. 1. 5. 2 Bearer Services Data services, short message service (SMS), cell broadcast, and local features are within BS. Rates up to 9. 6 kbit/s are supported. With a suitable data terminal or computer connected directly to the mobile apparatus, data may be sent through circuit-switched or packet-switched networks. Short messages containing as many as 160 alphanumeric characters can be transmitted to or from a mobile phone. In this case, a message center is necessary. The broadcast mode (to all subscribers) in a given geographic area may also be used for short messages of up to 93 alphanumeric characters. Some local features of the mobile terminal may be used. These may include, for example, abbreviated dialing, edition of short messages, repetition of failed calls, and others. .5. 3 Supplementary Services Some of the Supplementary Services are as follows: 1. Advice of charge:- This SS details the cost of a call in progress. 2. Barring of all outgoing calls: – This SS blocks outgoing calls. 3. Barring of international calls:- This SS blocks incoming or outgoing international calls as a whole or only those associated with a specific basic service, as desired. 4. Barring of roaming calls: – This SS blocks all the incoming roaming calls or only those associated with a specific service. 5. Call forwarding:- This SS forwards all incoming calls, or only those associated with a specific basic service, to another directory number. The forwarding may be unconditional or may be performed when the mobile subscriber is busy, when there is no reply, when the mobile subscriber is not reachable, or when there is radio congestion. 6. Call hold: – This SS allows interruption of a communication on an existing call. You read "Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering" in category "Essay examples" Subsequent reestablishment of the call is permitted. 7. Call waiting: – This SS permits the notification of an incoming call when the mobile subscriber is busy. 8. Call transfer: – This SS permits the transference of an established incoming or outgoing call to a third party. 9. Completion of calls to busy subscribers: – This SS allows notification of when a busy called subscriber becomes free. At this time, if desired, the call is reinitiated. 10. Closed user group:- This SS allows a group of subscribers to communicate only among themselves. 11. Calling number identification presentation/restriction: – This SS permits the presentation or restricts the presentation of the calling party’s identification number (or additional address information). 12. Connected number identification presentation: – This SS indicatChapter 2 GSM Identitieses the phone number that has been reached Chapter 2 GSM Identities 2. Classification of GSM IDENTITY NUMBER  ¦Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)  ¦International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)  ¦Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)  ¦International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)  ¦Location Area Identity (LAI) .2. 1 Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN) The MSISDN is a number which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the public switched telephone network numbering plan. According to the CCITT recommendations, the mobile telephone number or catalogue number to be dialled is composed in the following way: MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN CC = Country Code NDC = National Destination Code SN = Subscriber Number E. g. 919822012345 = 91 + 98 + 22 + 012345 A National Destination Code is allocated to each GSM PLMN. In some countries, more than one NDC may be required for each GSM PLMN. The international MSISDN number may be of variable length. The maximum length shall be 15 digits, prefixes not included. 2. 2 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) The IMSI is the information which uniquely identifies a subscriber in a GSM/PLMN. For a correct identification over the radio path and through the GSM PLMN network, a specific identity is allocated to each subscriber. This identity is called the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and is used for all signalling in the PLMN. It will be stored in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), as well as in the Home Location Register (HLR) and in the serving Visitor Location Register (VLR). The IMSI consists of three different parts: IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN MCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits) MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits) MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (max 10 digits) e. g. 404 + 22 +0000123456 According to the GSM recommendations, the IMSI will have a length of maximum 15 digits. All network–related subscriber information is connected to the IMSI 2. 3 Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) HLR knows in what MSC/VLR Service Area the subscriber is located. In order to provide a temporary number to be used for routing, the HLR requests the current MSC/VLR to allocate and return a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the called subscriber At reception of the MSRN, HLR sends it to the GMSC, which can now route the call to the MSC/VLR exchange where the called subscriber is currently registered. The interrogation call routing function (request for an MSRN) is part of the Mobile Application Part (MAP). All data exchanged between the GMSC – HLR – MSC/VLR for the purpose of interrogation is sent over the No. 7 signalling network. The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN), according to the GSM recommendations, consists of three parts: MSRN = CC + NDC + SN CC = Country Code NDC = National Destination Code SN = Subscriber Number e. g. : 91 + 98 + 22 + 005XXX where, 005XXX is sent by MSC. 00 is for Pune MSC, 20 is for Nagpur MSC, 10 is for Goa MSC. Note: In this case, SN is the address to the serving MSC The IMEI is used for equipment identification. An IMEI uniquely identifies a mobile station as a piece or assembly of equipment. (See IMEI, chapter 5. ) IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + sp TAC = Type Approval Code (6 digits), determined by a central GSM body FAC = Final Assembly Code (2 digits), identifies the manufacturer SNR = Serial Number (6 digits), an individual serial number of six digits uniquely identifying all equipment within each TAC and FAC sp = spare for future use (1 digit) e. g. 52518 + 00 + 581976 + 3 Where, 35 is for Nokia Handsets According to the GSM specification, IMEI has the length of 15 digits. 2. 5 Location Area Identity (LAI) LAI is used for location updating of mobile subscribers. LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC MCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits), identifies the country. It follows the same numbering plan as MCC in IMSI. MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits), identifies the GSM/PLMN in that country and follows the sam e numbering plan as the MNC in IMSI. LAC = Location Area Code, identifies a location area within a GSM PLMN network. The maximum length of LAC is 16 bits, enabling 65 536 different location areas to be defined in one GSM PLMN. E. g. 404 +22 + 10000 where 10000 is the LAC for Pune. 2. 6 Cell Global Identity (CGI) CGI is used for cell identification within the GSM network. This is done by adding a Cell Identity (CI) to the location area identity. CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI CI = Cell Identity, identifies a cell within a location area, maximum 16 bits e. g. 404 + 22 + 10000 + 726 Where, 404 + 22 + 10000 is the LAI for Pune and 726 are the CI of one of the cells of Pune. CI is different for all the three sectors of the cell. . 7 Base Station Identity Code (BSIC) BSIC allows a mobile station to distinguish between different neighbouring base stations. BSIC = NCC + BCC NCC = Network Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the GSM PLMN. Note that it does not uniquely identify the operator. NCC is primarily used to distinguish between operators on each side of border. BCC = Base Station Colour Code (3 bits), ident ifies the Base Station to help distinguish between BTS using the same BCCH frequencies e. g. 71 Where 7 is the NCC for IDEA Operator. and 1 is the BCC. BCC can range from 0 to 7 Chapter 3 GSM Network Elements GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership. GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: ? The switching system (SS) ? The base station system (BSS) ?The operation and support system (OSS) 3. 1 GSM BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara 14 RF OPTIMIZATION AND PLANNING 3. 2 BASIC GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 3. 2. 1 SWITCHING CENTRE Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara How to cite Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies Civilization S Control free essay sample

Lord Of The Flies- Civilization S Control Over Man Essay, Research Paper Civilization s Control Over Man The Lord of the Flies shows that, in the absence of civilisation, people lose the sense of being civilized and the dark and barbarous side of themselves surfaces out. This happens to a group of childs stuck on an island. William Golding, the writer of the novel, expresses his sentiment on savageness, an act of inhuman treatment or force, in this book. He makes it rather clear that savageness is an indispensable character of adult male and that it exists in all of all, but civilisation keeps it under control. This has been shown in history legion times, some instances have shown the antonym ; that civilisation can non command them, or it can maintain them in control merely to an extent. We all have the capableness of savagery interior of us. Everyone has gotten in a physical battle before or hit his brother of sister, haven # 8217 ; t you? That is an act of force. So so, you are barbarous, and so am I, and everyone else in this universe, but civilisation keeps us under control but, merely to an extent. If it maintained entire control, one wouldn # 8217 ; t acquire in a battle without something awful go oning to him/her as a penalty. The universe would hold entire peace. But so, how could we hold peace without war? We merely wouldn # 8217 ; t cognize what it is. So, civilisation can t keep maximal control over us. Civilization does keep control, but merely to an extent. It can merely partially command you. One does what he/she wants depending on his/her beliefs, values, and ethical motives. Of class, civilisation does hold ordinances and effects for those who break them, and this is why it maintains control. One would be afraid to perpetrate a offense because he knows he/she might acquire caught and he ll/she ll travel to imprison or worse. But mundane or so on the intelligence, in newspapers, and other beginnings of information, we find studies about self-destructions, slayings, drug and intoxicant usage, and other offenses. This is why it merely maintains command to an extent. No 1 can halt it, non even the jurisprudence. The jurisprudence and civilisation merely command us merely to a certain grade. Towards the terminal of this book, a stone crushes Piggy, one of the chief characters, and breaks the conch, a symbol of civilisation of regulation and order. When he dies, the sense of a civilisation is lost because he is the symbol of ground and civilisation in the book and all that is gone. Piggy kept on reasoning that they are human and nil else. What are we? Humans? Or animate beings? Or barbarians? ( p. 40 ) . He wanted a civilisation to be established throughout their whole stay on the isl and, even while Roger threw stones all around him and so killed him. He was besides the lone 1 at the terminal who still wanted a civilisation. Ralph did desire one, but he kept on burying everything he wanted to state and Piggy ever reminding him. Before Roger killed him, he tried to remind them of how they needed a civilisation and how they acted doltishly and egotistically and how they should act more moderately. â€Å"Which is better- to be a battalion of painted Indians like you are, or to be reasonable like Ralph is? Which is better- to hold regulations and agree, or Hunt and kill? Which is better, jurisprudence and deliverance, or runing and interrupting things up? † ( p. 164 ) . He and Ralph did desire to get down the rudimentss of a civilisation but Jack wanted to run and they couldn’t accomplish anything with merely four people. Ralph, Piggy, Simon, and Samneric didn’t kill anyone or anything and there wasn’t any civilisation to state them non to . Simon died because Jack got so wrapped up in his hunting that anything he saw traveling and didn’t know what it was, he wanted to kill it. Peoples get killed irrespective of the factor whether there is civilisation or non. Peoples strap bombs to themselves or works one someplace and explode them in topographic points with elephantine crowds, killing and/or injuring a batch of people. Civilization does non wholly command these people. They are no afraid of the jurisprudence or they are certain that they will non acquire caught although most of them acquire caught finally. These people are non bound by civilisation. If civilisation keeps us under control and we all have the capableness of savageness to be in us, so how did civilization start in the first topographic point? If the people who started civilisation or its rudimentss were all barbarian, what could hold made them believe of it? They couldn # 8217 ; t start doing regulations because how could they obey them if we still don # 8217 ; T. I really think that Golding believes that civilisation maintains control over adult male up to a magnitude. All of the male childs show a mark of savageness except for a few. They all become barbarous all of a sudden, although when they got at that place they all felt that civilisation still surrounded them, stating them what to make and what non to make. After a piece, that sense or feeling of civilisation was non grasped any longer and most of the male childs turned into barbarians. Still, some of the male childs did hold that sense of civilisation, so that s why I think Golding might hold that sentiment as he shows it in the book. Civilization does keep control over adult male but merely up to a certain point. We all have capableness for savageness in us although some of us might non demo it.